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Desk 2. For men, level of sounds analysed is provided with since final amount as well as the listing of sounds analysed for each and every personal inside mounts. For men, amount of colony sites equal how many guys submitted, for women, they signifies just how many nests where i observed them. Men voice attributes was in fact averaged towards the individual level in advance of figuring the fresh new demonstrated studies. Indicate ± SD | Average is offered with the quantity of pulses each sound, period, pulse rate and you will dominant regularity
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Shape 3. Numerous heartbeat songs created by the fresh new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you can associated spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt of a territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt away from a good territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt regarding a female corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram configurations: fifty dB dynamic diversity, Hamming window (increased sine-squared), 0.008 s screen length (female and male grunt), 0.08 s windows length (male deep grunt)
Contour step three. Several heartbeat music created by the newest https://datingranking.net/nl/muslima-overzicht/ corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you can related spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding an excellent territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Deep grunt off an excellent territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt regarding a female corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram options: fifty dB dynamic diversity, Hamming windows (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s screen duration (female and male grunt), 0.08 s window size (men strong grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.00step one, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = — -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-pulse audio
Your selection of obviously assignable clicks resulted in the analysis of 102 male ticks out of 29 clips from 19 people and 66 female clicks out of 20 clips within nests from fourteen men. The selection of certainly assignable plops triggered the analysis of 73 male plops of twenty-eight clips off 18 video and you may 66 lady plops out of 21 video within nests of 14 boys. Averaging men music per individual male contributed to an example size of letter = 18 to own presses, and you can n = 17 for plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t48.4 = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).